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Italy, and other parts of Europe, indicating dispositiontowards new revolutions, and new scenes of rapineand bloodshed. It must be so, in order to improvethe state of society, since the result of the measures and policy of Buonaparte, has been only to bind thepeople faster in chains, and to make his vassal kingsthe contemptible instruments whereby these chainswere to be rivetted upon themselves and their people.It is only, I fear, by new revolutions, therefore, thatthe ameliorated state of things, which you conceivelikely to arise out of the troubles in Europe, are to beeffected. In the meantime, England has gained agreat point with respect to her commerce; since, notonly all Spain and Portugal, but their vast posses-sions in the west and east, will be opened to this country; since these countries and their future inde-pendence have only been saved, under Providence, byher paramount naval power, and her prompt assist-ance by armies, military stores, clothing, arms, and money. Let us hope that these evils will determine Americato enter into a close alliance with this country—shehas nothing to fear from France. Her embargo hasrather been of service than otherwise to England. It will probably throw into the hands of the Britishthe French colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique.It will compel this country to call forth all the ener-gies of the British American colonies, by large boun-ties and other encouragements, to cultivate, in a greaterdegree, those articles which the United States wereaccustomed to send to the British West Indies, inorder to be secured against the recurrence of a similarmeasure—another embargo. The privations sufferedby a temporary suspension of trade between Britain and America, will be useful to both countries. Itwill enable the people to pay their old debts, with-out, at the same time, commencing new ones, and willcause a great capital to enter with the British credi-tor. I declare to you, I never could view the embar-